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- $Unique_ID{USH00824}
- $Pretitle{79}
- $Title{The Signal Corps: The Emergency
- Front Matter}
- $Subtitle{}
- $Author{Terrett, Dulany}
- $Affiliation{US Army}
- $Subject{corps
- signal
- history
- war
- army
- communications
- first
- volume
- radar
- world}
- $Volume{D114.7:SI/V.1}
- $Date{1956}
- $Log{}
- Book: The Signal Corps: The Emergency
- Author: Terrett, Dulany
- Affiliation: US Army
- Volume: D114.7:SI/V.1
- Date: 1956
-
- Overview of The Signal Corps: The Emergency
-
- As armed forces become more mobile, the importance of secure and effective
- communications becomes critical. This volume traces the course which the Army
- Signal Corps followed between the first and second world wars.
-
- Front Matter
-
- Foreword
-
- The more mobile an armed force becomes, the more rugged the terrain it
- encounters, or the more widely the force is deployed, the greater becomes the
- difficulty of securing and maintaining rapid, completely linked
- communications.
-
- In the U.S. Army the Signal Corps is the agency charged with developing,
- procuring, and furnishing signal equipment to overcome the difficulties
- mentioned above. In an age of swift and startling progress in electronics,
- this phase of its mission demands that it keep abreast of scientific advances
- at home and abroad and maintain close ties with civilian laboratories and
- industry in order to take advantage of their capabilities.
-
- This volume traces the course which the Signal Corps followed between the
- first and second world wars, a period of planning and preparation. Others to
- follow will recount the testing of the Corps organization and equipment, and
- the results achieved at home and overseas. The author has dealt with the
- subject on a chronological basis, instead of following the topical treatment
- used in other technical service volumes. This broad-front approach has
- enabled him to weave into one pattern the many activities in which the Signal
- Corps was simultaneously engaged. The reader can here follow from birth the
- history of Army radar and mobile radio, the first steps taken in the
- conversion of the civilian communications industry to war production, the
- expansion of training facilities, and the beginnings of the far-flung
- communications network that eventually encircled the globe. He will see the
- uncertainties of planning and the difficulties of organization incident to
- rapidly changing conditions, meager appropriations, and the clash of interest
- within the military household. These and many other matters showing human
- beings and institutions under pressure are replete with significance to us who
- must live in a turbulent world where revolution tends to have the upper hand
- over evolution.
-
- ORLANDO WARD Maj. Gen., U.S.A. Chief of Military History Washington, D.C.
- 30 January 1953
-
- The Author
-
- Dr. Dulany Terrett was born and reared in Montana and at present lives in
- Washington, D. C. He holds a Ph.D. in English from the University of Chicago
- and a Ph.D. in English from Northwestern University, where he served on the
- faculty from 1936 to 1942.
-
- During World War II he was an Air Corps officer with the Flying Training
- Command and the Air Transport Command. In the latter capacity, he wrote the
- history of the Air Transport Command in Brazil and Ascension Island.
-
- Upon his discharge in 1946, he became the Signal Corps chief historian,
- first in the Office of the Chief Signal Officer and then in the Office of the
- Chief of Military History. In 1952 he resigned in order to become a
- consultant.
-
- Preface
-
- The prefacing of his book long after he has written it does not
- ordinarily come a writer's way. If the present volume be a case in point,
- history is one form which permits it. At least to the extent that it has
- happened, history is unchangeable; and to the extent that it is unchangeable
- it will stand and wait for the attention of those who sooner or later come to
- it, or of those who, like the present author, return to it after having drawn
- apart from its details.
-
- This view seems justified in retrospect as well, it appears to me. The
- history of the realizations, disappointments, mistakes, and successes of the
- United States Army Signal Corps before and during the war which ended in 1945
- was itself undertaken entirely after that period had passed into history, and
- was planned and written with an eye to chronological and panoramic structure.
- It was in an effort to capture perspective and proportion, those qualities of
- necessary removal from the subject which every writer closely attached to his
- subject will despair of along with me, that I decided to devote the first
- volume of a history of the Signal Corps in World War II to a period beginning
- a number of years earlier. The massive gift which the Infantry makes to the
- national interest is made mostly in the battle itself, wherefore infantry
- history is combat history above all else. Technical arms and services like
- the Signal Corps, which must enter a war with technical gear ready to go,
- exert a large share of their productive effort before it begins. For this
- reason, this volume surveys The Emergency and the years, half lassitude and
- half desperation, just before the Emperor Hirohito's bombers came in over
- Kahuku Point.
-
- Opening with the panorama of Signal Corps interests and distinguishing
- each of the characteristic landmarks of the scene, it develops by moving
- closer for repeated and prolonged views at most of these dominant features and
- by returning to the whole view often enough to keep it in mind. As the Signal
- Corps is an agent of communications, the main theme is the snail-like,
- lightning-like race toward radar, frequency modulation, and a multitude of
- electronic devices. Other parts of the narrative illustrate the lesson of the
- extravagant and enervating results of interservice strife. One can draw it
- primarily from the long story of unequal rivalry between the Air Corps and the
- Signal Corps. Yet the alarms and excursions of this melodrama never drowned
- out the quieter actions. Of these, the quietest was the development of radar,
- second only to nuclear fission as the greatest scientific advance of the war.
- The Emergency makes modest but firm claims for the Signal Corps part in this
- development, at the same time producing evidence against a common notion that
- radar was the invention of a single scientist or of a single country; as was
- true of the atomic bomb, its origins were so wide as to be nearly universal.
- Next to radar and possibly of even greater significance to the average man was
- the emergence of FM, the frequency modulation system of radio, which all but
- revolutionized the use of tanks in the war, not to speak of its record
- afterward. The advance of crystal control, along with the ticklish triumph
- over the presumed insufficiency of the crystal supply, makes an episode
- interlinked with the FM story. The influence of the communications industry
- in the Signal Corps is an important element, showing the close relationship
- between the two in the selection and manufacturing of equipment and in the
- selection and training of officers and signalmen. A wider but very much
- weaker relationship described is that between ourselves and our allies,
- especially the British. One of the sections in this field recalls the
- mutually fruitful mission of Sir Henry Tizard and other electronic scientists
- and physicists to the United States in 1940. Finally, I trust that The
- Emergency demonstrates a discrepancy which later years closed: the gap
- between the pygmy Army and the jumbo. I hope, in sum, that the Signal Corps
- history adds its part to the defining and emphasizing of the two broad
- characteristics which have come to be so dominant in modern war that they will
- increasingly make up the bulk of military histories: first, the long
- preparations incident to a war or to any single day of it; and second, the
- technological aspect which has so transformed conflict that either wars or the
- men who fight them may consequently disappear.
-
- The writing of this book produced many pleasures, of which the most
- frequent and most happily remembered were the acts of interest and assistance
- very gratefully acknowledged here. My colleagues in the writing of this
- series, all of whom have shared with me the repeated profit of these acts,
- have for their own part bulwarked me with them to a point I cannot begin to
- acknowledge in full. Suffice it to say that upon Miss Pauline M. Oakes, Mrs.
- Dixie R. Harris, and Dr. George Raynor Thompson I urge my devoted thanks for
- all their intelligent appraisals, unflagging perseverance, and liberal
- contributions. Miss Helen Kasenchak's expert typing deserves full
- recognition, as does the research and writing, at an earlier stage, of Miss
- Ruth E. McKee. I should like to thank individually the hundreds of persons
- who have found files for me between Washington and Alaska, smoothed my way to
- interviews, notified me of opportunities I had overlooked, and in general
- shown an abundance of cares and courtesies which one has no right to expect
- but welcomes. Since I must content myself with a mass acknowledgment, I want
- it to be known that in my grateful mind the mass is made up of individuals.
- Miss Ruth Stout, Mr. Joseph R. Friedman, and Mr. Arthur Henne have shepherded
- the book editorially. May its appearance in print be at least a token tribute
- to them. Dulany Terrett, Washington, D. C., May 1954
-